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Which concept allows the CIO to differentiate between emails sent by the CEO and those sent by the marketing department?

  1. Encryption

  2. Non-repudiation

  3. Two-factor authentication

  4. Secure sockets layer (SSL)

The correct answer is: Non-repudiation

The ability to differentiate between emails sent by the CEO and those sent by the marketing department is primarily associated with the concept of non-repudiation. Non-repudiation ensures that a sender of data cannot deny having sent that data, providing proof of the origin and integrity of the message. In the context of emails, this means that there would be a reliable way to authenticate the identity of the sender, which could involve digital signatures or similar mechanisms. When non-repudiation is implemented, it allows the recipient to verify that the email genuinely originated from the stated sender—such as the CEO—thus creating a clear distinction between different sources of communication. This capability is crucial for maintaining the authenticity and accountability of messages within an organization. In contrast, while encryption can protect the confidentiality of email content, it does not address the issue of identifying the sender. Two-factor authentication is a security measure used for verifying user identity during login processes and does not specifically relate to distinguishing between different email sources. Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is a protocol for securing internet communication, primarily concerned with securing data in transit rather than identifying or differentiating between senders of emails.